Jan Zizka Statue

The equestrian statue of Jan Žižka (John Zizka) overlooks the city from the top of the Vítkov Hill east of Prague's historic center. It marks the site where in 1420 Jan Zizka, the 60 year old one-eyed leader of a Hussite army consisting of mostly peasants, defeated the overwhelming army of crusaders who had come from abroad in an effort to crush the 'heretic' Hussites.

The battle is one of the most famous between the Hussites - followers of Jan Hus, a protestant reformer who rebelled against the wealth of the catholic church - and the roman catholics, led by the pro-catholic emperor Sigismund. Zizka was a master tactician and was able to defeat superior forces of armored knights with his untrained and lightly armored Hussites.

He is often portrayed with just one eye as he had lost his sight in one eye when he was younger. And even when his second eye was hit by an arrow in 1421, making him completely blind, he continued commanding his forces. He died three years later, in 1424.

The colossal equestrian statue honoring Jan Zizka is 9 meters tall (almost 30 ft), excluding the pedestal. The almost 17 tonnes weighing statue is the world's largest bronze equestrian statue. It was created by Bohumil Kafka, a Czech sculptor influenced by the works of Auguste Rodin. He started working on the statue in the 1930s but the outbreak of the Second World War halted any progress. The casts even had to be hidden to prevent the Gestapo from destroying it. Bohumil Kafka would never see his work completed as he died in 1942. The statue was eventually inaugurated 8 years later, in 1950.

Behind the statue of Jan Zizka is the National Monument (Národni památnik), a bulking building completed in 1932. During the communist era it was used as a mausoleum for the country's first communist leader Klement Gottwald. He was embalmed here in 1953 until the 1960s when his body was incinerated. In 2001 a long reconstruction started resulting in a new historical museum with an exhibition entitled 'Crossroads of Czech and Czechoslovak statehood in the 20th century'. The museum opened on October 29, 2009.