Bethlehem Chapel

Bethlehem Chapel was built between 1391 and 1394 by supporters of the radical preacher Jan Milícz Kromeríže. The chapel was given the name 'Bethlehem' for a relic of one of the murdered babies in Bethlehem that was kept in the chapel.

The chapel has a historic significance as a site of protestant resistance against the catholic church. Jan Hus - a protestant reformer who condemned the corruption of the catholic church and wanted a strict interpretation of the bible - preached here from 1402 until 1412.
Even after Hus was declared a heretic and burned at the stake in 1415 the chapel continued to be a bulwark of protestantism until 1620, when the protestants were defeated at the Battle of White Mountain. The chapel was confiscated by the catholic church and later handed over to the Jesuits who expanded the building.

In 1782 emperor Joseph II abolished all churches that could not demonstrate any value to society. In total 23 cloisters and 35 churches and chapels were destroyed or used for other, non-religious purposes.
Bethlehem Chapel was one of those to be demolished; only parts of the walls were kept intact during a reconversion into apartments. In the 1950s the chapel was rebuilt following historic drawings of the building.