PanAm Building

The main reasons for the dislike of the New Yorkers for this building are the blocking of the view on Park Avenue and the massive structure, which has often been criticized as 'cheap quality' or 'monumental bad architecture'. On the other hand the structural concept of the building is very intriguing and its sheer massiveness symbolizes New York as a huge compact city. Due to its location though, the building completely blocks the view on Park Avenue and the - much more appraised - New York Central building (Helmsley Building), which dates from 1929.

In 1958, the joint owners of the area located between the Grand Central Terminal and the New York Central Building - the New York Central Railways and the New Haven Railways - decided to develop the area.
Emery Roth & Sons were chosen as the architects for the Grand Central City as the project was called. Their first plan, which would not have blocked the view on Park Avenue, was considered too modest by Erwin Wolfson, the constructor. Richard Roth then consulted Walter Gropius and Pietro Belluschi, two of the most renowned architects of their time, who decided to completely review the plan and create an octagonal building.
The original north-south alignment was replaced by an east-west alignment, thus blocking the view on Park Avenue. Gropius also planned to have the New York Central building torn down to create a park next to the tower.

The design is inspired by a never built project from Le Corbusier and by the slender Pirelli Tower in Milan (Gio Ponti and Pier Luigi Nervi, 1959). It consisted of a tower of 49 stories resting on a 10 story base. The exterior is covered with concrete panels to strengthen the building visually. The 246 meter / 808ft tall building was completed in 1963 and incorporates an immense 390,700 m2 office space.

Originally the project was called Grand Central City, but was renamed in 1960 after its main tenant, the Pan American Airways. In 1981 the building was sold to Metlife insurance company for $400 million and is since called Metlife Building.